Immerse yourself in notation - Part 3/4

Allow me to introduce my secret weapon for discovering and utilising the stave.

I call it "The Table of Musical Elements" (or "TOME" for short). It is a concise, yet thorough, categorised reference of basic musical elements such as: 

  • Key signatures.
  • Rhythms.
  • Scales and modes.
  • Chord types.
  • Intervals.
  • Chord voicings and inversions.
  • Polyphonic qualities.
The name is inspired by the periodic table of elements used in the field of chemistry. Although my table is by no means an exhaustive or perfect categorisation of all the elements that music is comprised of, I do believe it is more than sufficient for its intended purpose.

Immerse yourself in notation - Part 2b/4

Continuing from where we left off in part 2a of this four-part series about music notation, I have three more visualisation techniques to share. With some thinking and some practice, you may find yourself doing these things quite naturally and instinctively, deepening the relationship you have with music.

Technique #4 - Aim high, exaggerate and get it wrong.

I liken this to a baby babbling. Before an infant can speak, it just makes noises that feel right. In conjunction with their babbling, regular exposure to other people's voices, their inflections, and the situational context of the language they hear, young children learn how to create words, sentences and eventually have conversations with others in growing complexity.

Now let's imagine ourselves in a similar situation, as children learning the language of music - Writing music with little inhibition, with regular exposure and attention to the rhythmic and intervallic patterns in quality music (both audible and written), progressing naturally into creating musical phrases, motifs, movements and the ability to communicate with other musicians.

Simple exercise 1:

Compose music with little inhibition. Lower your guard and allow yourself to just write notes with no worry about how they will sound, just as an infant would make noises with no concern if the words are coming out right.

Just as the proverbial infant absorbs and recreates the phonetics and context of the language around them, identify patterns within the music you hear, read, write and perform. Later to be freely transformed and channeled into written, musical form. 

Attempt to play what you have written and accept what you have created. Take note of the sounds and patterns in your composition that you like, grow in confidence as you witness your pure musical voice shining through the void of the unfamiliar. With practice this will inevitably manifest in greater detail, granting you the ability to write what you hear and hear what you read.

Simple exercise 2: 

When playing or listening to music, imagine seeing the notes being transcribed onto manuscript before your eyes.

Even if the vision is a bit faint and blurry or other evidence (such as practical abilities in transcription) suggest that the pitches and note duration being visualised may be largely incorrect, remain confident that it will inevitably evolve into greater skills of aural and visual recognition of music as you actively combine this practice with other foundational musical skills such as listening, reading and composition.

Even if you are unsure of the correct notation, attempt to see the manuscript in your minds eye with increasingly vivid and lively detail. 

Technique #5 - Cultivating synesthesia.

Synesthesia is a phenomenon in which the experience of one sense is associated with another. In my case, when I hear sounds I associate them with shapes and colours. Not until my teenage years did I learn that not everybody experiences synesthesia.

A concert pianist friend of mine who experiences very vivid synesthesia told me that he believes synesthesia can be cultivated. I believe this to be true based on the results I have witnessed in being able to experience my own synesthesia becoming more vivid.

Simple exercise: 

Write a short passage of music. Think of your favourite colour, imagine that you can hear the passage and see the colour as you hear it. 

Try to see the colour more clearly. As you continue to hear the passage and see the colour, ask yourself what shapes could represent the sound, imagine the shapes accordingly. 

Examine the notes, intervals, chords, scales, melodies and rhythms in isolation. Use your imagination to hear and see them represented with the choices of shapes and colours that you see fit.

Examining the same passage and its elements, begin to imagine different shapes and colours to the ones you have already thought of.

There are no objective standards on what to imagine these sounds look like. A G major chord could look like a large purple cloud one day, the next day you may see it as a gravelly texture of navy blue, and to another person it may seem like a stream of white and red streaks.

Technique #6 - Imagery, symbolism and fantasy.

It was the same concert pianist that I previously mentioned who suggested to "look past the notes, see what story the composer is trying to tell". This is what really transforms what might initially seem to be just a song into a captivating story and insight into one's imagination and creativity.

Symbolism can be very personal, intangible and mysterious. It is a powerful, insightful, and creative tool in developing understanding and expression of particular concepts in any given art form. Understanding somebody else's use of symbols and imagery helps to decipher thoughts and intentions they may otherwise find difficulty in expressing by other means.

Whenever I am creating, reading or listening to music I am always seeking to experience more than just mere sounds. I need to discover things about myself that I haven't yet discovered, revealed by examining and reflecting on the thoughts and emotions I have in reaction to music being created, studied and enjoyed.

Simple exercise 1:

This is similar to exercise 1 in cultivating synaesthesia but instead of imagining shapes and colours we will imagine themes like objects, scenarios, memories, words or characters.

Write a short musical passage, and imagine anything that seems meaningful to you. Ask yourself "what does this mean to me?". Particular objects might represent a particular use, or you may find that you attach particular depth of meaning and context or emotion into a given word. Reflect and explore your conscience.

Isolate and examine the elements of the passage and conjour more ideas to mentally assign to the various rhythms, intervals, chords etc. Think about how these new ideas may relate to the passage's primary theme.

This creative process can lead to very deep introspection and creative output. It is worthwhile to maintain a dedicated journal to record your thoughts in handwriting, and speak with your artistically-inclined peers about the fruits and endeavours of your creative process.

While we are on the topic of symbolism and fantasy, I'll have you know I've been working on a concept album. It is my musical representation of a series of short stories I am writing. The project is called "Everlasting". Each track of the album will musically correlate with each successive chapter in the story. The first chapter "The Young Boy and the Little Muse" has been written along with the majority of composition related to it. You can read chapter one here.

I use very simple and common symbolic, situational and character archetypes in Everlasting, in the hopes that even a casual reader may relate and reflect on parallels they may see between the story and their own way of thinking. It is a story meant to inspire creativity and introspection.

That is the end of part 2 in my 4 part series on music notation.

The emphasis of part 2 was to develop useful mental habits that augment skills and engagement in the expression and interpretation of music notation. Part 3 will cover practical composition methods in which you can integrate the techniques you learned about in part 2.

Immerse yourself in notation - Part 2/4

What if I told you, that you could significantly improve your abilities to read notation and play your instrument without actually doing either?

Now don't get me wrong, actually reading notation and playing your instrument are still vital if you want to, you know, read notation and play your instrument. But in those moments where you have no access to sheet music or musical instruments it is still possible to engage in highly beneficial practice. This technique isn't limited to musical practice either, even professional athletes also utilise this skill.

I hope that many who are reading this already know what technique I'm talking about and that they may be even more mindful and motivated to use it. But for those who are unaware, the technique I am talking about is visualisation. 

Now, I apologise that this article lacks citation of relevant essays, medical journals and other evidence that back up this claim as I haven't bothered to research them. I believe there are more than enough available studies that are readily available to support this theory, let alone plenty of anecdotal evidence from musicians, athletes, and highly successful people.

As this series is focused on notation, the focus of this article will be on various visualisation techniques and exercises that will aid your understanding and progress in reading notation. These techniques and exercises are in no particular order of importance or effectiveness, and it is by no means an exhaustive list. I do believe that these do lay a decent foundation for you to get the gist of how to use visualisation to pursue your musical goals. You may find these techniques work best in conjunction with one another.

Technique #1 - Reading sheet music without an instrument.

I could argue that this helps bridge the mental connection between notation and your instrument more efficiently than actually playing your instrument with the sheet music - not that one should forsake one for the other as both are vital and even synergistic.

My reasoning behind this is because without the visual and physical aid of your instrument you are forced to use your imagination. Seeing your instrument while it isn't really there eliminates distraction and makes the process purely mental, what ever bad playing or thinking habits you may have attached to the instrument (such as those formed by dependence on tablature) are less present.

Simple exercise: 

Get some blank manuscript. Write your clef of choice, a time signature of 4/4 and a bar containing four crotchets of middle C. Now without touching your instrument, pretend you are playing that bar. Although a bit dorky, it is also a useful practice to employ physical action such as air guitar.

Technique #2 - Reading sheet music without... sheet music...

As I wrote the above exercise, I was actually practicing this technique - Reading sheet music without sheet music.

As I typed up "Get some blank manuscript" I could see myself getting off my chair, walking over to pick up some imaginary sheet music, returning to the desk and sitting down. As I typed "write your clef of choice" I could see a treble clef. As I continued writing I saw all of these things. I'm hoping that as I write these things that you can see them too.

Just like the previous technique, this one improves your ability to do the real thing by eliminating distraction and working purely on the mental connections behind the action so that you are more prepared to do the actual task. This is great when you are lacking motivation, it may not be an instant fix but continuously thinking and visualising yourself doing any task is a great way to kind of trick yourself into eventually taking action.

Simple exercise:

Imagine you are at your desk with some blank manuscript. See a mental image of the paper and your hand holding a pen. See your hand writing a grand stave, a key signature of G major and a time signature of 3/4. Imagine the first bar has three crotchets of G below middle C placed in the bass clef, now imagine the second bar has three crotchets of G above middle C.

Technique #3 - Hearing music without... music...

Hearing and seeing are two different things so if we are being specific with our definitions this isn't exactly visualisation. It is however similar to visualisation and is very conducive when used in conjunction with visualisation.

Whether reading or writing music, we can have greater confidence in our work knowing that we are correctly interpreting or expressing the notes given. Even outside the realm of composition, being able to imagine and hear music you have never heard before is absolutely vital as a musician.

Simple exercise 1:

Many people do this without thinking much about it. Hum or whistle a made up tune, it's so easy. Now, stop making noise and continue that action in your mind. Imagine the melodies are not made by your mouth and vocal cords but by a violin.

Simple exercise 2:

Visualise some blank sheet music again. Visualise your hand holding a pen, writing a grand stave, a key signature of D minor (F major) and a time signature of 6/8. Now as you imagine writing these notes, imagine you can hear them being played on a piano. Imagine in the first bar you are writing three quavers of D beamed together above middle C in the treble clef, followed by a dotted crotchet rest. And in the bass clef imagine a dotted crotchet rest followed by three quavers of D below middle C beamed together. Now that you have imagined completing the first bar, imagine hearing the bar being played in its entirety.

I have a few more ways to use skills in visualisation in musical settings but this post is getting a bit large and I need a break from typing. Stay tuned for part 2b.

Immerse yourself in notation - Part 1b/4

From the title, you may see that this is part 1b and not part 2 of the 4-part series on notation as I originally intended. The reason for this is because I realised I had yet more to say about the clear and logical nature of music notation versus the folly of tablature. The key realisation regarding this occurred to me during study of JS Bach's Fugue in C Major from book one of the Well Tempered Clavier:
Music notation is just intervals, rhythms and dynamics.
This is by no means any kind of groundbreaking discovery, as this is the very nature of music notation by its design - a conventional way to indicate all the necessary information of musical instruction in concise written form.
Music is comprised of three elements: Melody, harmony and rhythm - The intricacies in how intervals, rhythms and dynamics relate are what distinguishes these three elements and the degree of isolation or overlap between them in any given passage of music.

Tablature is void in expressing any of the aforementioned qualities which are vital in the most fundamental definition of music. In other words:
Tablature presents zero musical information. It reduces musical instruction to nothing but a convoluted method of hand-eye coordination.

A common insult hurled among guitarists is that somebody plays "like a robot". Now consider, isn't performing music purely by instructions on hand-eye coordination quite robotic? Music is far more than just moving your hands, music has the ability to influence people's minds and emotions. Interpreting notation will teach you by pure experience why particular music makes you think or feel a certain way according to the intervallic, rhythmic and dynamic information provided. It is the more thoughtful, emotional and "human" way to read and write music. Tablature does nothing but hinder abilities in musical interpretation and expression, effectively reducing aspiring musicians that rely on tabs to think and play robotically. 

I hope you found this article entertaining and maybe challenging. Part 2 in this series will be about the techniques on how to cultivate visual relationships and mental associations between music, notation, and musical instruments.

Immerse yourself in notation - Part 1/4

Guitarists are notorious for musical illiteracy, this is pretty strange considering the appeal of scale and arpeggio exercises and other theoretical knowledge to many young guitarists.

Stranger still, so many guitarists favour tablature so much that they become reliant on it to the point of hindering their ability to play by ear. Rather than repeating musical phrases by hearing them in their purest form they opt for tablature - what this article proves to be a very ineffective and detrimental method of interpreting music.

There are so many great ways to introduce and encourage ever-growing abilities in notation. To facilitate such an introduction, this article as part one of four aims to compare the benefits of notation versus the flaws of tablature.

Some key benefits of notation are as follows:

Rhythm.

In standard music notation, rhythmic values are explicitly dictated. This means that a musician that reads notation is able to correctly perform the rhythmic structures of a piece of music in written form without any previous listening. A musician that reads music well can accurately play a piece that has never been heard before.

Pattern recognition.

Skills in pattern recognition make you learn, play and create music with greater ease and connection to the music. Chords, intervals, phrases and rhythms become much easier and more natural to quickly recognise, perform and recreate. This also helps develop contextual understanding of the various elements that make a piece of music. 

Intention.

Notating your own compositions (covered in future articles!) gives you a greater sense of "knowing what you're doing". The music you like (whether creating or listening) has greater clarity, memorability and personal association.
With experience, improvisation also benefits from this. 

Professionalism.

It's easy for young guitarists to fall in the trap of wanting to make a career in music without putting in the effort. Many of us in the past, present or future have relied on our gut feelings, charisma and insistence that we have what it takes to be a star. We can look at classic rock stars and assume that reading music is unnecessary and will detract from our "feel" or artistic integrity.

I could go on about why living a humble life is more fulfilling than being famous but let's just focus on the practical aspect: A music career in performance or teaching requires the ability to quickly and accurately learn any piece of music. This skill can only be utilised through the means of notation.

In contrast, here are some key flaws of tablature:

No rhythm.

Tablature offers no indication of rhythm. It is impossible to accurately learn a song by tab without already listening to the song and various sections of the song multiple times to fill in the missing information regarding rhythm. This wastes a lot of time, effort and can make you hate the song from hearing it so many times.

Sabotaging aural skills.

As tablature encourages the guitarist to repeatedly listen to the track for rhythmic cues and then add it to the tablature's cues of finger positioning, pitch recognition is no longer an aural skill as it becomes a visual one. A guitarist that relies on tab no longer hears a major third interval on the subdominant in C major and knows how to play it, instead they must read a chart that says "put your middle finger on the third fret of the D string and your index finger on the second fret of the G string". It reduces musical information in favour of deciphering ambiguous numbers rather than audible or logical cues.

One may argue the same for notation but in fact the reverse is true. Performing notated music processes the written notes into music, in other words the process is transforming visual cues into what is audible music. On the other hand, performing tablature requires listening to music and then aligning it with written fingering positions, this process is turning the audible music into visual cues - it's completely reversed! This effectively makes tablature a counter-intuitive way to learn music as the logical process is not directed at creating audible and informed music, it's directed at aligning your fingers to the fretboard.

It's harder than notation.

Yes, you read that correctly. One may assume that tablature is easier because notation doesn't explicitly dictate finger positions and it requires reading symbols. These are very weak arguments.

Firstly, notation does provide information on fingering but it is done implicitly rather than explicitly. With practice, experience and perhaps a good teacher it is only natural to find the ergonomic options for all sorts of passages.
Secondly, tablature requires reading symbols too. Just because they're numbers it doesn't mean they're any easier. Tablature erases every shred of musical context, effectively making interpretation more difficult as abilities in learning and recognition in any field are dependant on context.

Using tablature over notation is analogous to listening to ten strangers speaking about nothing substantial as opposed to engaging in a meaningful dialogue with one person. On one hand there is an overwhelming abundance of useless information, whereas a thoughtful conversation is enriching to say the least.

Amateur is an understatement.

Tabs aren't mere training wheels, they will inhibit and regress your learning. Relying on an unorganised, ambiguous and ultimately illogical method to learn music will only develop rigid technique and bad musicianship. I understand I may sound like a zealot or a charlatan in saying that but I guarantee that anybody who has witnessed increases in dexterity through tab would have gained greater dexterity had they not learned by tab.
Conclusion and summary:
Since its conception, standard musical notation by its very design has remained the most simple, contextually rich, and logical way of written instruction in music.
Tablature is vague, unorganised, void of context and jeapordises a musician's technique by fostering a myriad of illogical and impractical habits.
Tablature offers nothing more than a negligent method of dexterity..
This is part one of a four-part series on immersing yourself in notation. I hope that this article may have clarified or even challenged your ideas on notation and tablature. As this series continues we will explore pattern recognition, sight-reading, composition, exercises in visualisation, interpretation and more.